Solutions for Stabilizers and Blockers

Enzyme Conjugates & Protein Stabilizers Guide

Enzymes and proteins play vital roles in immunoassays. The stability of antigens, antibodies, coating carriers, and enzyme labels is particularly crucial for obtaining accurate results.

HRP/AP enzyme conjugate stabilizers preserve the activity of the enzyme (HRP or AP) and the attached antibody or antigen within the conjugate. This allows conjugated proteins to be stored at low working concentrations, facilitating optimization during assay development and manufacturing.

Durastab™ series enzyme conjugate stabilizers provide unparalleled long-term stability for protein conjugates at working concentrations. Our formulations for HRP conjugates, AP conjugates, and general protein applications ensure assay developers have a complete toolkit to address the instability of various target proteins. By maintaining protein activity and extending shelf life, these reagents immediately enhance assay performance and production efficiency for protein stability testing.

Furthermore, diagnostic kit developers often require stabilized coated proteins. Durastab™ offers immunoassay/protein stabilizers for applications such as ELISA, microarray chips, chemiluminescence, and lateral flow assays. These are designed to maintain the conformation and activity of proteins coated on various solid carrier surfaces, keeping antibodies and antigens performing optimally for extended periods, both in dry states and liquid environments. Simultaneously, blocking mechanisms in these reagents reduce non-specific binding of interfering proteins, thereby maximizing detection sensitivity.

Factors Affecting Protein Stability

Extensive research indicates that a protein's structure and its environment determine its stability. Factors like temperature, pH, salts, metal ions, or other contaminants can lead to protein denaturation. Denaturation can also occur if proteins adsorb to laboratory container walls. Therefore, proteins must be stored and used in environments that stabilize their native structure.

Proteins can be stored in dry form or in solution. Without appropriate stabilizing conditions during critical stages of preparation, storage, and handling, both drying and freezing processes can cause protein denaturation.

All these factors significantly impact protein stability, ultimately altering their function and properties, leading to precipitation, degradation, and denaturation, which renders the proteins ineffective.

Why is Understanding Protein Stability So Important?

Proteins are widely used in numerous industrial and research fields. When developing protein-based assays, protein stability is one of the most critical factors. A deep understanding of protein stability is essential because of its pivotal role for the target protein. A primary goal in many in vitrodiagnostic (IVD) assays is to create a favorable carrier environment where protein samples can easily maintain their native state. When target proteins form non-native aggregated structures, they lose normal function. Protein stability is crucial for protein purification, expression, and storage. It is also vital in functional studies involving both native and recombinant proteins.

Assay methods like the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) immobilize proteins (e.g., antigens and antibodies) on solid-phase carriers and use detection proteins labeled with chromogenic or fluorescent molecules or conjugated to other biomolecules like Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) or Alkaline Phosphatase (AP). Different types of proteins, enzymes, and cells require appropriate handling and storage strategies to maintain their maximum functionality in diagnostic applications.

Having the necessary tools to maintain protein stability is paramount. This is where Durastab's expertise lies. Our stabilizers for enzyme conjugates, dried proteins, liquid proteins, and more have helped hundreds of diagnostic kit manufacturers improve the stability of their kits and entire reaction systems.

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Reagents for Stabilizing Enzyme Conjugates or Liquid Proteins (e.g., in Calibrators & Controls)

Durastab's enzyme conjugate stabilizers provide the gold standard for assay developers to stabilize protein conjugates at working concentrations, suitable for ELISA/EIA, ELISpot, Chemiluminescence/CLIA, and Western Blot applications. Our HRP Stabilizers and AP Stabilizers offer developers a complete toolkit for stabilizing various conjugates and antibodies for long-term solution stability.

Using our stabilizers offers multiple technical advantages. In terms of protein stabilization, these reagents can extend the shelf life of antibodies, antigens, and other proteins at working concentrations and maintain enzyme activity in solution for up to two years . Some reagents also help reduce background noise by eliminating non-specific binding from sample matrices and other assay components.

Furthermore, our stabilizers exhibit excellent assay compatibility. We offer various formulations with different stabilization mechanisms to meet different enzyme/protein needs. This includes protein-free and BSA-free formulations to meet the background requirements of specific detection systems. Additionally, these reagents stabilize enzymes and controls in a variety of detection methods.

HRP Enzyme Conjugate Stabilizers

Durastab™ series HRP Stabilizers stabilize enzyme conjugates by protecting Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) activity and maintaining the structural integrity of the conjugate. This product acts as a ready-to-use diluent/stabilizer for HRP enzyme conjugates, stabilizing the conjugate at working concentration, extending its shelf life, improving the signal-to-noise ratio, and thereby enhancing analytical performance. The prepared enzyme conjugate working solution remains stable for long periods at 2-8°C.

AP Enzyme Conjugate Stabilizers

Durastab™ series AP Stabilizers stabilize enzyme conjugates by protecting Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) activity and maintaining the structural integrity of the conjugate. This product acts as a ready-to-use diluent/stabilizer for AP enzyme conjugates, stabilizing the conjugate at working concentration, extending its shelf life, improving the signal-to-noise ratio, and thereby enhancing analytical performance. The prepared enzyme conjugate working solution remains stable for long periods at 2-8°C.

Antibody Stabilizers (Protein Stabilizers)

Durastab™ Antibody Stabilizer series stabilizes antibody or protein molecules by protecting the structural integrity of their spatial conformation. Based on Tris or PBS buffer systems, this product is used to stabilize antibodies or other proteins diluted to working concentrations, as well as medium to high concentration antibodies. It can also be used to stabilize diluted serum antibodies/proteins for preparing calibrators, controls, etc.

Reagents for Stabilizing Coated Proteins

Durastab's microplate stabilizers and coated bead stabilizers provide kit developers with unparalleled protein stability and blocking effects, enabling immediate assay performance improvement and simplified production processes in a single step.

Using our microplate stabilizers and coated bead stabilizers offers several technical advantages. Regarding stability, they both extend the shelf life of proteins on various surfaces, including polystyrene plates, latex beads, magnetic microparticles, and nitrocellulose membranes. Furthermore, they help improve detection sensitivity. Importantly, they enhance the signal-to-noise ratio across the entire detection range and offer various formulations to optimize lower detection limits. These reagents also help reduce background noise by eliminating non-specific binding from sample matrices and other assay components.

Microplate Stabilizers:

Durastab™ Plate Stabilizers (Dry protein stabilizer) are used to stabilize antigen/antibody-coated plates/slides, providing extended dry stability. Simultaneously, specific blocking components reduce non-specific reactions, improve the signal-to-noise ratio, avoid high background and false positives, leading to more accurate results. Recommended for platforms like ELISA and microarrays.

Coated Bead Stabilizers:

Durastab™ Bead Stabilizers are used to stabilize antibodies or other proteins coated on the surface of beads or magnetic particles. By protecting the spatial conformation of biomolecules, they prevent inactivation during long-term storage. After stabilization, coated beads can be stored long-term at 2-8°C. Coated beads diluted with these stabilizers exhibit a high signal-to-noise ratio, thereby improving detection performance.